The cellblock token economy: token reinforcement procedures in a maximum security correctional institution for adult male felons.

Generalized conditioned reinforcement with pigeons in a token economy.

Six pigeons were studied in a token economy in which tokens could be produced and exchanged for food on one side of an experimental chamber and for water on the opposite side of the chamber. Responses on one key produced tokens according to a token-production fixed ratio (FR) schedule. Responses on a second key produced an exchange period during which tokens were exchanged for water or food. In...

Preliminary report on the application of contingent reinforcement procedures (token economy) on a "chronic" psychiatric ward.

An 86-bed closed ward in a Veterans Administration hospital was used in a 2-yr. study involving the application of a "token economy." For the patients, labeled chronic schizophrenics or brain damaged, every important phase of ward life was incorporated within a systematic contingency program. Patients received tokens for performing specified desirable behaviors involving self-care, attending ac...

The token economy.

Token Economy for Online Exchange Systems ( Extended

This paper studies the design of online exchange systems that are operated based on the exchange of tokens, a simple internal currency which provides indirect reciprocity among agents for cooperation. The emphasis is on how the protocol designer should choose a protocol a supply of tokens and suggested strategies to maximize service provision, taking into account that impatient agents will comp...

Token reinforcement: a review and analysis.

Token reinforcement procedures and concepts are reviewed and discussed in relation to general principles of behavior. The paper is divided into four main parts. Part I reviews and discusses previous research on token systems in relation to common behavioral functions--reinforcement, temporal organization, antecedent stimulus functions, and aversive control--emphasizing both the continuities wit...